Well-known
from earliest times, this city was established on the
delta of what is now called the Lesser Menderes River. The
sheltered harbor of that period was the beginning of a
royal road the ended at the gate of Susa, the capital or
the Persian Empire, which secured the city its
importance. It became the capital of the Roman province of
Asia under Augustus and had a population of perhaps
200,000 in the second and first centuries BC. In the 6th
century BC science, art and culture were prominent
here
along
with Miletus. The famous philosopher Heraclitus, interpreter of
dreams Artemidorus, the poets Callinos and Hipponax, grammarian
Zenodotus and the doctors Soranus and Rufus were all from
Ephesus.
The
oldest finds are from the Neolithic Age dated 6000 years before
Christ, found at the Çukuriçi Höyük. There was a Hittite
settlement on top of Ayasuluk Hill from the Old Bronze Age. The
name was then Apasus, according to Hittite inscriptions found
there. Linguists believe the name Ephesus came from this Hittite
name.
According
to Herodotus, colonists came from the west and settled here
about 1000 BC while the Karyali and Leleg people of Anatolia
were in residence in the area. The colonists gave the name
Artemis to the mother goddess Kybele. The temple to Artemis from
that period became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
The city was attacked successively by the Kimmer people in the
7th century, the Lydians in 560 BC, and later the Persians. It
regained its freedom under Alexander the Great, after whom his
general, Lysimachus, established his kingdom.
HOUSE OF VIRGIN MARY
According
to the Gospel of John, as Jesus was hanging on the cross, He presented His
beloved disciple John with the care of His mother, Mary. Four of six years
after the death and resurrection of Jesus, St.
John and Mary are thought to have come to Ephesus and stayed on the
site of what is not the Church
of the Council of 431. Later, John took Mary to a house he had built on
Nightingale Mountain. This house where Mary is thought to have spent her
last days was forgotten in time and fell to ruin. In the Middle Ages it
was often claimed that the house was found but to no definite result.
In 1878
German nun Katherina Emmerich talked about the location of the house in a
book by Clementi Brentado and interest was revived. In 1891 the Lazarist
priest Eugene Poulin, who was head of Izmir College, sent a group under
priest Yung to find out if what was being claimed was true. The group explored
the mountains south of Ephesus and came upon the house now know as the
House of Mary.
Katherina
Emmerich (1771-1824) had never left her hometown in all her life, was in a
trance when making her explanation of ht house's location. After this
discovery, Eugene Poulin printed a number of things to increase interest
in the find. The event was heard around the world. Many religious
investigators shared the same conclusion. Izmir Patriarch Monsignor Timoni
visited the site and gave permission for conducting services on the site
in 1892. Pope John XXIII proclaimed the house a pilgrimage site, quieting
all controversy over the site. In
1967 Pope Paul VI came, and Pope John Paul II came in 1979, both
adding to the significance of the site.
Priest's
Monastery Phone Number: (0232) 8941014
Fax Number: (0232) 8941016
THE CHURCH OF ST.JOHN
The
Church of St. John, located at the southern foot of the castle hill, is
the most magnificent of the buildings from the Byzantine Period. The historian Eusebius
tells us that after the apostles were expelled from Jerusalem around AD
37 to 42, St. John continued his work in Anatolia from Ephesus. In this
way we can understand when St. John and Mary, the mother of Jesus, who
had been entrusted to him by her Son, came to Ephesus. After the
martyrdom of St. Paul, St. John wrote his gospel and labored in his
ministry to the churches in the area. After his death, he was buried in
the church that was built to remember him.
After Christianity came into
its own in the fourth
century, a wooden-roofed
basilica was built over the site of his grave. The basilica was cross-shaped
with five naves and a narthex. The grave of St. John is purported to be
under the central nave. Fortifications were built around the church in
the 7th and 8th centuries at the time of Arab incursions into the area,
giving it the appearance of an outer castle connected to the castle on
the hill.
In the 14th century,
after the Isabey Mosque was built near the church, the area became
better known. It is visited today by numerous tourists thanks to the
excavation work that is still going on.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EPHESUS MUSEUM
In the
beginning, in
1929, artifacts from diggings and the surrounding were brought here
and stored. In 1964, what is now the museum's southern section was
built and artifacts were displayed there. The room was not big enough
for the increasing number of artifacts so, in 1995 another section was
added and used for exhibition. The Selçuk-Ephesus Museum is the most
important and richest museum for possession and sole display of local
artifacts.
The Ephesus Museum (0
232 892 6010 and 892 6011) is a rich and important museum for Ephesian
and Anatolian archeology with artifacts from digs at Ephesus, St.
John' Church, the Belevi Mausoleum,
and other local ruins. Including artifacts from the Mycenian, Archaic,
and Turkish periods as well, the majority are from the Hellenistic,
Roman, Byzantine periods.
ISABEY MOSQUE
Isabey
Mosque is the last memorial work of art left by those civilizations that came
and went through Ephesus. This great mosque was built on the side of the hill
where Ayasuluk Castle and St. John's Church are located. In early times Isabey
Mosque attracted large crowds and was built between Christian and idolatrous
centers of worship.
Because of its topographical
situation the north and east faces were planted in the hillside. For this reason
its stateliness and splendor are more noticeable on its western side. The
building measures 51 by 57 m, nearly square.
It can easily be seen from
the structure of the mosque, especially in the columns, that there was heavy
borrowing from the ruins of Ephesus. This mosque holds an
important place in Art History and serves as a transition from Selçuk to
Ottoman architecture thanks to being the first Turkish mosque to have two
places for congregation.
PAMUCAK BEACH
9 km from
Selçuk and 6 km from Ephesus is 11 km. of sandy beach rating the Blue
Flag for cleaniness. This golden stretch is suitable for camping and
water sports. Along the coast are 4- and 5-star hotels, a campground
and the Municipal Recreation Facility. The entire coast is being
developed under the Ministry of Tourism Development Plan.
SİRİNCE VILLAGE
8 km. from
Selçuk, Sirince village is a regional tourist center for day trips.
Leading to its center at an altitude of 350 m above sea level is an
asphalt road.
The village dates back
to the 5th century. Its old name was Kirkinca or Çirkince. There were
several reasons for the village's settlement. First, the mountain it
settled on was good for protection. Second, it was away from malaria
that was rife in the Selçuk-Ephesus area. Finally, there was plenty
of water, the soil was fertile and the climate was ideal.
Among the
sources of income to the village, the pre-eminent one lately is
tourism. Thousands of local and foreign tourists come to the village
every month of the year, take pictures, eat local pastries, and drink
the locally made wine. Apple, cherry, peach, and strawberry wines made
in local homes are favorites of all who taste them. The locals also
grow peaches, grapes, and apples for sale.
Following the road leading east
from beside the gymnasium of Vedius, one comes to the Cave of the Seven Sleepers.
Christians during Roman imperial times had real problems because to the Emperor
Cult, that demanded they sacrifice to the emperor in a temple built for him.
When they failed to do this they became enemies of the emperor and state.
The
legend is that in the times of the emperor Decius there seven young Christians
who refused to offer to the emperor and were consequently forced toe flee the
city and take refuge in a cave. After sleeping for a time they went back into
the city to get some food and found out they had slept for 200 years.
Christianity was now widespread in the Roman Empire. Theodosius II heard the
story and accepted it as a sign of the truth of human resurrection. The idea or
resurrection was being debated at the time.
After the seven died they were
buried in the cave attended by a large funeral procession.
Excavation in 1927-28 found a
church and hundreds of graves here. Many grave inscriptions were addressed to
the seven sleepers. For centuries, people wanted to be buried as close to the
seven sleepers as possible.
Some are even brave enough to
say the Mary Magdalene was buried here.
CAMLIK OPEN AIR LOCOMOTIVE MUSEUM
The
Çamlik Steam Locomotive Open Air Museum is 12 km from
both Selçuk and Çamlik by road or rail. During the
Aegean maneuvers, Atatürk made his headquarters at this
station in the White Personal Train and followed the
maneuvers along the coast from here. There are 25 assorted
locomotives 50 to 80 years old that have been used by the
Turkish State Railroad.
....
and much more places to see in Selçuk.
For
more details please visit Selcuk's Tourism Guide, selcuksguide.com.